When Would Immunologists Consider a Nanomaterial to be Safe? Recommendations for Planning Studies on Nanosafety
Abstract The immune system is professional in recognizing and responding to non‐self, including nanomaterials. Immune responses by professional and nonprofessional immune cells are thus nearly inevitable upon exposure of cells and organisms to such materials. The state of research into taking the immune system into account in nanosafety studies is reviewed and three aspects in…